Cephalexin CAS# 15686-71-2

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• Chemical Name: Cephalexin
• CAS No.: 15686-71-2
• Molecular Formula: C16H17N3O4S
• Molecular weight: 347.39
• Appearance: white crystalline powder
• Sample: Available

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Description of Cephalexin

Cefalexin, also spelled cephalexin, is an antibiotic that can treat a number of bacterial infections. It kills gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. Cefalexin is a beta-lactam antibiotic within the class of first-generation cephalosporins. It works similarly to other agents within this class, including intravenous cefazolin, but can be taken by mouth.

Cefalexin can treat certain bacterial infections, including those of the middle ear, bone and joint, skin, and urinary tract. It may also be used for certain types of pneumonia, strep throat, and to prevent bacterial endocarditis. Cefalexin is not effective against infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus, or Pseudomonas. Like other antibiotics, cefalexin cannot treat viral infections, such as the flu, common cold or acute bronchitis. Cefalexin can be used in those who have mild or moderate allergies to penicillin. However, it is not recommended in those with severe penicillin allergies.

Common side effects include upset stomach and diarrhea. An allergic reaction and infection with Clostridium difficile, a type of diarrhea, is also possible. To date, no evidence of harm to the baby has been found when used during pregnancy or breast feeding. It can be used in children and those over 65 years of age. Those with kidney problems may require a decrease in dose.

In 2012, cefalexin was one of the top 100 most prescribed medications in the United States. In Canada, it was the 5th most common antibiotic used in 2013. In Australia, it is one of the top 15 most prescribed medications. Cefalexin was developed in 1967 and first marketed in 1969 and 1970 by a number of companies, including Glaxo Wellcome and Eli Lilly and Company under the names Keflex and Ceporex, among others. Generic drug versions are available under several other trade names and are inexpensive. Cefalexin is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a health system.

Basic Info of Cephalexin

Basic Info
Numbering system
Properties
Safety Info
Basic Info

Numbering system

Properties

Safety Info

What is Cephalexin?

With the progress of science and technology and the development of society, chemical products have invariably permeated our daily lives, in medicine, food, cosmetics, electronics, industry, and other areas, becoming an essential part of our lives. One such product is Cephalexin which has developed particularly rapidly in recent years. Do you know about Cephalexin?

The official answer: Cefadroxil, a semi-synthetic, first-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic drug, inhibits cell wall synthesis, causing the cell contents to swell until they rupture and dissolve, killing bacteria.

What’s the application of Cephalexin?

Pharmacological action:

Cefadroxil is a semi-synthetic, first-generation oral cephalosporin. Its mechanism of action is through binding to one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of bacteria (cefadroxil mainly binds to PBP-3), which inhibits cell wall synthesis of dividing cells of bacteria, thus acting as an antibacterial agent. The antibacterial spectrum of cefadroxil is similar to that of cefothiophene, but its antibacterial activity is poorer than that of the latter. Except for Enterococcus spp. and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, Gram-positive cocci are sensitive to cefadroxil. Cefadroxil has a better antibacterial effect on Neisseria spp. and poorer susceptibility to H. influenzae. It has a certain antibacterial effect on some E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella spp. Other Enterobacter spp. bacteria, Bacillus immobilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis are resistant to Cefadroxil.

Pharmacokinetics:

The product is well absorbed, and the peak blood concentration (Cmax) is reached 1 hour after taking 0.5g of the product orally on an empty stomach, with an average of 18mg/L. The absorption is prolonged and the peak blood concentration is reduced after taking the drug after meals, but the absorption amount is not reduced. The absorption of this product may be increased in young children with celiac disease and small intestinal diverticula and delayed and decreased in patients with clonorchiasis and pulmonary cystic fibrosis. Gastrointestinal absorption is not reduced in the elderly, but the blood concentration is maintained for a longer period than in the young. The blood elimination half-life (t1/2b) of this product is 0.6-1.0 hours. The addition of probenecid can increase the blood concentration, and t1/2b can be extended to 1.8 hours; in renal failure, t1/2b can be extended to 5-30 hours; in neonates, t1/2b is 6.3 hours. The product is widely distributed in various tissues and body fluids after absorption, and the average concentration in sputum is 0.32mg/L after 0.5g oral dose every 6 hours, and the concentration is higher in purulent sputum. The concentration of drugs in pus is equal to the concentration of blood, and the concentration of drugs in the exudate of the joint cavity is 50% of the concentration of blood.

The product can enter the fetal blood circulation through the placenta and maternal amniotic fluid; the milk concentration of lactating women is 5mg/L after 0.5g oral administration. about 5% of oral administration is excreted from bile, and the drug concentration in bile is 1~4 times of blood concentration. The serum protein binding rate is 10% to 15%. Cefadroxil is not metabolized in the body, and 80%-90% of the administered amount is excreted in the urine in 24 hours, and the peak urinary drug concentration can reach 2.2g/L after 0.5g oral administration. Cefadroxil can be removed by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

It is the first generation of semi-synthetic oral cephalosporin, with the same antibacterial spectrum as cefothiophene and cefotaxime, and weaker antibacterial efficacy than both, but it is characterized by acid resistance and good oral absorption. It has a good antibacterial effect on drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

It is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, obstetrical and gynecological infection, skin and soft tissue infection, gonorrhea, etc. caused by sensitive bacteria.

Indications:

Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. It is suitable for acute tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections caused by sensitive bacteria. This product is an oral preparation and should not be used for severe infections.

Conclusion

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