what is povidone iodine used for? What is povidone-iodine?
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Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has biguanide salts and monoguanidine salts, such as polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride and polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride and its derivatives as a new generation of guanidine disinfectants has been widely used . In recent years, there have been many research reports at home and abroad. Its polymer structure reduces its toxicity. However, the bactericidal effect is more excellent, and it has been widely used in various fields such as medical and health institutions, family life, food industry and animal husbandry. Through more and more scholars' research on the properties and efficacy of guanidine disinfectants, their applications have been continuously developed.
Dibromohydantoin is mainly used as an industrial bromination agent and disinfectant.
(1) It is a very useful brominating agent. Compared with brominating agents such as N-bromoacetamide and N-bromosuccinimide, it has the advantages of high active bromine content, good storage stability, and economical use. Widely used in bromination of allyl and benzyl compounds and active aromatic rings in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, addition of bromine or hydrogen bromide on double bonds, and selective oxidation of secondary alcohols;
(2) In addition, dibromohydantoin is also an efficient and safe sterilization disinfectant, which has a strong effect of killing fungi, bacteria and viruses, and has the effect of killing bad algae in water. The prevention and treatment of various diseases in the aquaculture industry can also be used for disinfection of swimming pools, fruit preservation and industrial use of circulating water to kill algae, and daily life disinfection.
Benzyl benzoate can repel most ectoparasites, but only for the treatment of scabies in dogs. Belongs to a new type of insecticide.
Logically glutaraldehyde can kill all microorganisms. It is a high-efficiency disinfectant. It has the characteristics of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, low corrosiveness to metals, little influence by organic matter (organic content below 20%), good stability, etc., international The Food Safety and Public Health Organization recognizes it as the most powerful disinfectant among the commonly used single-component disinfectants. It mainly acts on the sparse groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and amino groups of microbial proteins, which can alkylate them and cause pathogens. The protein crosslinks and coagulates and dies. Its effect is 10 times stronger than formaldehyde, it has the advantages of strong penetration of formaldehyde, rapid sterilization and disinfection, but it does not have the strong irritation, corrosiveness, toxicity and carcinogenicity of formaldehyde. , Non-permanent, and non-bioaccumulative substances.
Salicylic acid has antibacterial and antifungal effects, but it varies with the concentration. Low concentration (1% ~ 2%) has antipruritic and keratinizing effects, can restore the skin's stratum corneum to normal, and can reduce the infiltration of cells in the dermis, making the pathological state gradually disappear. The concentration of 3% to 6% has an antifungal effect, which can inhibit or kill the superficial skin fungi. Higher concentration (6% ～ 10%) has keratin dissolving effect, which can make the epidermis loose and easy to fall off. High concentration above 20% has corrosion effect. Local application still has the effect of inhibiting sweat gland secretion.
(1) Povidone iodine is an unstable complex formed by complexing surfactant and iodine. It is an external disinfectant for iodophors. It is yellow-brown to red-brown amorphous powder at room temperature and is easily soluble in water. Or ethanol, insoluble in ether or chloroform.
(2) Among them, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone homopolymer is a surfactant, which helps the solution to wet and penetrate the object, thereby enhancing the bactericidal effect of iodine.
(3) Among them, 80-90% of the combined iodine can be depolymerized into free iodine, with high concentration, strong bactericidal power, no taste, no irritation, no allergenicity, and low toxicity. It is a broad-spectrum fungicide that can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa.
(1) As a biguanide compound, chlorhexidine acetate has very strong antibacterial and bactericidal ability. The antibacterial effect on Gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria is stronger than disinfectants such as Xinjieer.
(2) The pharmacological mechanism of chlorhexidine acetate is that it can be adsorbed on the permeation barrier of bacterial cell membrane, so that the contents of the cell can leak out, low concentration can inhibit bacteria, and high concentration can kill bacteria. Therefore, chlorhexidine acetate is a very ideal broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent and fungicide.
(3) Secondly, due to its rapid and durable curative effect, stable nature, low toxicity, and long-term use, it is not easy to produce drug resistance.
(4) Chlorhexidine acetate is mainly used as a surface disinfectant and preservative in China, and its bactericidal effect is higher than that of common similar products in the market such as benzalkonium bromide, dumifen, Jiexiaojing, Qingdujing, etc. Surfactants have good effect and strong penetration.
